A report released by WALHI points to the various pollution and impacts on local livelihoods from nickel smelters in Indonesia. Four of the Chinese-invested smelters are named.

PT Virtue Dragon Nickel Industry (VDNI) is alleged of contributing to environmental degradation in Southeast Sulawesi. The company’s coal-fired power plants (PLTU) are said to emit sulfur oxide (SO₂) and coal ash, which have reduced agricultural productivity and contaminated soil and water sources. Local reports indicate increased cases of respiratory illness (ISPA).

PT Obsidian Stainless Steel (OSS) is alleged of causing environmental and livelihood damage in Southeast Sulawesi. Its coal-powered energy production is reported to have led to pollution affecting aquaculture in multiple villages (Labota, Tani Indah, Lilimbue, Kapoiala Baru), significantly reducing fishery yields. Air pollution has reportedly forced some residents to relocate.

PT Gunbuster Nickel Industry (GNI) is alleged of environmental pollution and land disputes in Central Sulawesi. Allegations include river damming without community consent, causing flooding of farms and homes; air pollution from coal-fired plants emitting sulfur dioxide; and coal dust affecting nearby settlements. The company is also alleged of seizing approximately 65 hectares of community land without compensation and disrupting fishermen’s livelihoods due to coal transport activities.

PT Huadi Nickel Alloy Indonesia (HNI) is alleged of causing severe environmental, health, and social impacts in South Sulawesi. Allegations include heavy water pollution leading to livestock deaths and health issues. Air pollution (dust, smoke) has reportedly caused respiratory and chronic illnesses among residents. The company is also linked to loss of farmland and water scarcity.

The Business and Human Rights Centre had reached out to the owners of the above four smelters, including Jiangsu Delong Nickel Industry, Xiamen Xiangyu Group and Huadi International Group for comments. They did not respond.